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Any form of invasive surgery carries certain risks. Patients contemplating surgery should be advised of the possibility of experiencing complications, such as the following:- Damage to blood vessels
- Secondary damage to organs
- Hemorrhage (bleeding) during surgery (intraoperative) or after surgery (postoperative)
- Incisional hernia (bulging of the internal organs beneath the surgical incision, caused by imperfect healing or damage to the overlying muscles)
- Infection
- Pneumothorax (unwanted air in the chest cavity).
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