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Heat exhaustion, and the more serious heat stroke (hyperpyrexia), is caused by a breakdown of the heat regulation system, for example from constant heat stress (day and night), insufficient physical fitness, being overweight, alcohol stress, too much physical stress, overly warm clothing, medications (e.g. "water pills"), infections and insufficient fluid intake. You should not rely on feeling thirsty: by the time you feel thirsty you are already low on fluids. Dark urine means the body has concentrated the urine because it is low on fluids. Treatment consists of sitting or laying the affected person in the shade, elevating the feet and administering fluids slowly. The increased blood volume allows both demands to be met fairly successfully. The same thing can happen if too much salt is being taken.
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