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Ehrlichiosis is an infectious disease transmitted by the bite of a tick, first described in 1990; the two specific organisms that have been implicated are Ehrlichia chaffeensis and granulocytic Ehrlichia. Some patients may recover on their own. A CBC shows decreased white blood cells (leukopenia), decreased platelets (thrombocytopenia); a granulocyte stain shows clumps of bacteria inside white blood cells; the platelet count shows decreased platelets (thrombocytopenia); liver enzymes show elevated transaminase; a fluorescent antibody test may turn positive for E. chaffeensis or granulocytic Ehrlichia. Common measures include the use of insect repellent, appropriate clothing, sticking to trails and avoiding dense brush when hiking, and not standing under overhanging foliage. After hiking or outings in the woods it is a good idea to examine yourself for ticks and remove any that may be found. Studies suggest that a tick must be attached for at least 24 hours in order to cause disease, so early removal can prevent infection.
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